Historical Tidbits Archives – Page 32 of 55

April 22, 2021April 23, 2021

S is for Sarbanes-Oxley

Remember the Robber Barons from 11th grade U.S. History? They’re still here. Drawing by Udo Keppler, on Wikipedia.

Sarbox! Sounds like a science fiction warrior–Sarbox looked across the valley of mutants and gripped his tekbar laser sword tightly, ready to lead his small band against the scourge of Junoian invaders…

Sarbox! Is it a new prescription drug? Reduces eczema and weakened spine. May cause dizziness, drowsiness, and uncontrollable twitching.

The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, enacted in the wake of a series of massive corporate scandals, mandated improvement in corporate governance for publicly-held companies. It required improved internal controls, enhanced financial disclosures, independent auditors, and stiffer penalties for violations. Public corporations hated it, especially the ones who were fiddling their books.

April 13, 2021April 13, 2021

K is for Kiting

Anyone remember E.F. Hutton?

From E. F. Hutton 1980s ad, “When Hutton talks…” Photo from The Retrosite.com.

The brokerage company was famous for a 1980s ad campaign, “When E.F. Hutton talks… people listen.” E.F. Hutton became famous for something else. It was complicated, it was company-wide, and it went on for three years, until they were found guilty of thousands of counts of fraud involving millions of dollars.

The fraud was for kiting.

A Special Type of Fraud

Check kiting is a type of bank fraud that occurs because banks and merchants extend credit on customer checks, when they don’t know whether the customer has enough funds in the other bank. Criminals could open two bank accounts, then write checks between them, covering each bad check with another bad check.

April 12, 2021April 13, 2021

J is for Journal

Journal entries are the backbone of accounting records. Despite the shift from quill pens to wi-fi chips, from clay tablets to vellum sheets to a blinking data entry screen, the accountants have always had to keep track.

Reducing Eggs Payable

Historians generally saw the ancient cuneiform notations as some of the earliest examples of writing–and accounting–in the world. The large-scale management of taxes, grain allotments, and army rations for the burgeoning Sumerian and Egyptian empires took a lot of tablets.

But local farmers had to keep track on their own, so researchers think that “primitive” bookkeeping, even based on barter, would have still included writing in a ledger. A neighbor might agree to take three chickens in exchange for a bag of seed when the harvest is completed. Or, suppose another neighbor made a sturdy cabinet for the kitchen in exchange for a year’s worth of eggs.

There would still need to be journal entries:

Bought one sack of seeds : Three chickens payable to Farmer Jones
Bought one kitchen cabinet: Year’s supply of eggs to Farmer Kozlowski

Then, one of the kids had to be sent over every day to Kozlowski with the day’s supply of eggs, while someone would make the daily journal entry. Because if something happened to the parties in the transaction mid-year, Mrs. Kozlowski would want to know that she was still owed 183 eggs. On your books, that would be sitting as eggs payable.