M is for Music

Bone flute, from Germany @43,0000 ya, Photo by Cangminzho.

It warms the cockles of my heart to know that music was invented before royal government archives. Much as I am in favor of libraries, yesterday’s topic, I don’t think we need the blow-by-blow details of every king’s battle conquests as much as we need music. Whether it’s a single fiddle playing out “Danny Boy” or a full-blown choir and symphony, ringing out with Beethoven’s “Ode to Joy,” music reaches the heart and mind at once.

Archaeomusicologists must be very jealous of art archaeologists. While we might debate, as we did with the “Kiss,” whether a 15,000-year-old smear of paint was two people or a moose, at least we have a picture. We don’t have any recordings of 30,000-year-old flute or kithara players, and there’s disagreement over whether bits of bone and stone are even instruments. Yet, by the time the great cities of the world built their palaces–in Assyria, Memphis, Knossos, the Indus Valley, or Shaanxi–music was a significant part of the culture. We can see paintings of musicians and dancers and know that there must have been intricate choreography and complex arrangements. Somehow, we got from a couple of holes in a bear femur to Coachella, Egyptian-style.

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L is for Library

“The Great Library of Alexandria” by O. Von Corven, 19th century
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Libraries might seem too modern a topic for an ancient history compilation that focuses elsewhere on the first bit of thread or shaped dish. Libraries do come much later in sequence. By definition, libraries are historic rather than prehistoric, since writing has to exist in order for someone to keep collections of it. Yet even if today’s examples are all after 3300 BCE, it’s true that most societies that developed writing also created a way of storing it.

One of the most famous ancient institutions–a wonder perhaps bigger than the other seven ancient wonders–was the Library of Alexandria. It was the most ambitious and likely biggest: the Internet of its day. But Alexandria was by no means the first or even only great library of the ancient era. Moreover, different cultures took different approaches to what they stored, and that difference says something about what cultures value.

As we explore libraries, we should consider:

  1. What constitutes a “library”?
  2. What cultures created libraries in ancient times?
  3. What did the creation of libraries suggest about humans, and what lessons can be learned from Alexandria?
Doe Library at UC Berkeley, Reading Room. Pho by Joe Parks
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K is for Kiss

Georgia O’Keeffe, Drawing #12 was untitled, but her notes say: “Maybe a kiss?” From Some Memories of Drawings.

You must remember this,
A kiss is just a kiss
A sigh is just a sigh…

From “As Time Goes By”

When and how humans began to kiss is a lively debate–very lively! The Internet has different answers, many contradictory. Just this morning, I have read no less than five articles that claim to cover the history of kissing, and they all cite different ancient history. The oldest kiss is from Brazil–no Akkadia! Definitely tablets on Easter Island (what? Reddit?) Positively from Vedic love poems, Sappho, Sumeria…

And, of course, the research has been fun!

Scene from a pub in Pompeii, Napoli, Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Photo by ArchiOptix.
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