G is for Games

Ancient Egyptian marbles, @2500 BCE. Similar, small polished rocks (marbles) have been found in the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, Mesoamerica, i.e. wherever children existed. Photo by Rob Koopman at Leiden Museum.

Play is instinctive. Even without Nerf guns, Xboxes, or Hungry, Hungry Hippos, children will play. Young creatures from every species know how to splash their sister at the watering hole; every little brother will pounce on the older one to start a game of chase. Peek-a-boo must be universal. Although what about amoebas? Do amoeba children play peek–a-boo?

Before I go too far down the rabbit hole of biology, let’s just stick to play, specifically ancient toys and games. Strangely enough, academics hadn’t given much thought to play until a few years ago, especially in archaeological digs. Hstorian Philippe Arles actually put forth the theory that in the past children didn’t play, that they were effectively “mini-adults,” because there was too much to do and high infant mortality rates made their parents unwilling to invest in their childhoods–Arles sounds like a guy without children to me. For a long time, though, when archaeologists found a Stone Age figurine or a bit of broken pottery, even in a child’s burial site, they called the former a religious fetish and the latter trash. But those could have been dolls and action figures; they could have been game pieces.

The idea of childhood play wasn’t invented in the 20th century. Plenty of classical Egyptian, Greek, and Roman artwork includes children playing. We can let the academic journal papers debate whether the tiny horse with wheels was for a religious ceremony or a giggling child. For this purposes, let’s call them toys.

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F is for Fabric

Mummy-wrapping fabric, Egypt Middle Kingdom, @ 1980 BCE. Photo from the Met.

Cloth is so integrated into our lives that it barely gets noticed. Of course, we’ve always had cloth, fabric, haven’t we? Didn’t cave people wear loincloths or rags? Not exactly. Even rags are woven. Whether it’s linen, silk, wool, felt, or cotton, fabric is a manufactured item requiring thread and some complex way of winding the thread so that it stays together.

We need to start with a bit more of a history lesson on clothing in order to get to fabric. It turns out we also need to understand a little about bugs. Then, we need to be clear about what a fiber is. As for when and where, that depends a bit upon the weather, access to specific “crops,” and technology. The global textile industry now is highly competitive, but that competition also is millennia old. So, let’s review:

  1. A core definition of “fabric” as opposed to “clothing”
  2. Where and when it happened first “around the world” — a lively debate of “firsts”
  3. How it influenced human development — not everyone followed the same path
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E is for Earthquake

Biblical illustration @1220 CE of a historical earthquake described in the book of Amos. National Museum of Portugal

I personally have felt several earthquakes, from big ones like Loma Prieta where the things fell off the shelves while I was shopping, to lots of small ones at home, because I live on the Hayward Fault. A month ago, a 3.9 twitch occurred less than 2 miles from my neighborhood, causing the house to “boom” and shake so hard that I thought we were going to get lifted off to Oz. My wife simply looked up and said, “Oh, earthquake,” which is usually what Californians do. You don’t know when earthquakes will happen, which is a blessing and a curse. I’ve not been through hurricanes, floods, or tornadoes, but I’m sure those are equally frightening. A reminder of our puniness in the face of Mother Nature.

Ancient people wrote about earthquakes, volcanoes, and other disasters. They were common enough that writers used them as metaphors as well as describing when they happened. This is why today’s post on Earthquakes isn’t precisely cheating in terms of Ancient Inventions. Clearly, earthquakes aren’t an invention. But history is.

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