I is for Ice Cream


“Ancient” American ice house,, Louisiana October 1938, Library of Congress photo by Russell Lee.

Nearly five years ago, I wrote a version of this post after reading Who Ate the First Oyster?, Cody Cassidy’s marvelous book, which chronicles stories of individual firsts. My approach focuses globally rather than on firsts. So far we have journeyed around the world to see what humanity has created, from Siberia to Chile to Australia to Germany to Egypt and to the Fertile Crescent.

I’ve leaned into anthropology and archaeology fairly heavily, although today’s journey will be more standard history. For this particular topic, we need to stretch the boundaries of “ancient” forward a little, tiptoeing into the Middle Ages, to understand this marvelous creation. Really, it’s why probably humans learned to control fire, stand up, carry our babies with us, and build giant pyramids. We needed to develop knowledge and skills to invent Ice Cream.

The road to inventing ice cream was a bit circuitous and meandered from the ziggurat-days of Ur to the sophisticated empires of the Far East and back to Fertile Crescent. The most important part of the invention happened near the beginning. Because to make ice cream, you needed ice.

Lemon gelato in Venice. Photo by kajmeister.
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E is for Earthquake

Biblical illustration @1220 CE of a historical earthquake described in the book of Amos. National Museum of Portugal

I personally have felt several earthquakes, from big ones like Loma Prieta where the things fell off the shelves while I was shopping, to lots of small ones at home, because I live on the Hayward Fault. A month ago, a 3.9 twitch occurred less than 2 miles from my neighborhood, causing the house to “boom” and shake so hard that I thought we were going to get lifted off to Oz. My wife simply looked up and said, “Oh, earthquake,” which is usually what Californians do. You don’t know when earthquakes will happen, which is a blessing and a curse. I’ve not been through hurricanes, floods, or tornadoes, but I’m sure those are equally frightening. A reminder of our puniness in the face of Mother Nature.

Ancient people wrote about earthquakes, volcanoes, and other disasters. They were common enough that writers used them as metaphors as well as describing when they happened. This is why today’s post on Earthquakes isn’t precisely cheating in terms of Ancient Inventions. Clearly, earthquakes aren’t an invention. But history is.

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C is for Calendar

Was it a calendar? photo by Kajmeister.

(May) maybe if I ask your dad and mom
(June) they’ll let me take you to the Junior Prom
(July) like a firecracker all aglow
(August) when you’re on the beach you steal the show
Yeah, yeah, my heart’s in a whirl
I love, I love, I love my little calendar girl

Neil Sedaka, “I Love My Calendar Girl”

We take the division of time for granted. How many minutes left on the test? What time do I get off? Is the next holiday on Monday, so I can have a three-day weekend? Some people even wear wrist devices which describe those divisions, linked to their health data, like their heart rate and whether they sleep. However did we manage before a wristwatch could describe our sleep?

The ancient people had to invent all those divisions from scratch. They did it repeatedly, across multiple cultures, using varying tracking systems. Their lives depended on observations–the rise of the river waters, the start of the dry season, the first bite of frost. I was well into middle age before I noticed how far north the sun set in the west in the summer vs. the winter. I think it was because I’d finally lived in one place for more than a decade. I bet even the Neanderthals figured that out before I did, since their lives depended on such things.

Today’s topic is the Calendar. How could they mark time, before writing was even invented? How did different societies integrate math with time? Were there different versions of calendars? Where did they stand on ending Daylight Savings Time?

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